Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in Natural Populations of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)

نویسندگان

  • CHARLES B. FENSTER
  • LAURA F. GALLOWAY
چکیده

The deleterious consequences of inbreeding have been well documented. There are, however, few empirical studies that have examined the consequences of restoring heterozygosity and hence the fitness of inbred populations by conducting interpopulation crosses and measuring the performance of later-generation hybrids under field conditions. We conducted interpopulation crosses of 100 m to 2000 km, which spans the range of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) in eastern North America. We then contrasted the performance of the F1 and later-segregating F3 hybrids with the parental generation. We found almost universal F1 superiority over the parents. The F3 hybrids suffered a loss of fitness compared to the F1 hybrids. The drop off in fitness of the F3 reflects both the loss of heterozygosity and the disruption of coadapted gene complexes. The F3 performance, however, was still often equal to that of the parents, suggesting that heterosis can outweigh the loss of coadaptation except for the longest-distance crosses. In a subset of environments, the F3 performance of long-distance ( $ 1000 km) interpopulation crosses was less than that of both parents and indicated true outbreeding depression. For C. fasciculata , it appears that crossing populations of up to intermediate distances of hundreds of kilometers has a short-term beneficial effect on progeny performance through F1, and that longer-term effects are not necessarily disruptive of fitness, at least relative to parental performance. The degree of F1 heterosis and F3 outbreeding depression varied between site and year, however, indicating an important role for the environment in the expression of these effects. Depresión por Endogamia y Exogamia en Poblaciones Naturales de Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) Resumen: Resumen : Las consecuencias nocivas de la endogamia han sido bien documentadas. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios empíricos que hayan examinado las consecuencias de la restauración de la heterocigosidad y por lo tanto la adaptabilidad de poblaciones endógamas mediante la conducción de cruzas interpoblacionales y mediante la medición del rendimiento de nuevas generaciones de híbridos bajo condiciones de campo. En este trabajo realizamos cruzas interpoblacionales de 100–2000 km, las cuales abarcan el rango de distribución de Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) en Norteamérica occidental. Además contrastamos el rendimiento de la generación F1 y segregamos subsecuentemente a los híbridos F3 de la generación de padres. Encontramos una superioridad casi universal de los F1 sobre los padres. Los F3 sufrieron una pérdida de adaptabilidad comparados con los F1. La caída de la adaptabilidad de los F3 refleja tanto la pérdida de heterocigosidad y la disrupción de genes complejos coadaptados. Sin embargo, el rendimiento de los F3 fue aún frecuentemente igual al de los padres, sugiriendo que la heterosis puede tener más peso que la pérdida de coadaptación con la excepción de las cruzas de distancias más grandes. En un subconjunto de ambientes, el rendimiento de los F3 de cruzas interpoblacionales de larga distancia, $ 1000 km, fue menor que el de ambos padres, e indicó una verdadera depresión por cruza exogámica. Para C. fasciculata , aparentemente las cruzas de poblaciones de distancias de hasta distancias intermedias de cientos de kilómetros, tiene un efecto benéfico a corto plazo en el rendimiento de la progenie mediante los F1 y los efectos a largo plazo nos son necesariamente negativos para el rendimiento, al menos en lo relacionado con el rendimiento parental. El grado de heterosis F1 y de depresión por exogamia varía entre sitios y entre años, indicando la existencia de un papel importante del ambiente en la expresión de estos efectos. Paper submitted May 7, 1999; revised manuscript accepted December 28, 1999.

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تاریخ انتشار 2000